A stethoscope is a diagnostic instrument used by medical practitioners to listen to patient’s chest cavity, heart, and several pulse points.
Doctors usually use this tool as a part of non-invasive examination procedure, listening for congestion sounds in the lungs and irregular heartbeats. Nurses can also use it to listen to restored blood flow during blood pressure checks, among other processes.
History of Stethoscope
For centuries, physicians used to place their ears directly on the patient’s chest or back as a part of an examination, called auscultation. However, it exposes healthcare professionals to infectious diseases through intimate contact with sick patients.
In the early 19th century, a young French physician named Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec found examining female patients a bit discomforting. In 1816, he discovered that internal sounds could be isolated and amplified via a tube, making assessments less intrusive and easy to interpret. He transformed his listening device using a wooden tube turned on a lathe. He wrote a medical treatise on a new examination method, called mediate auscultation.
Now modern stethoscopes encompass a bell-shaped device with a clear plastic diaphragm, a length of rubber tubing, and a hollow metal headset with dual plastic earpieces. A diaphragm is placed directly on the patient’s chest or back. As the patient takes deep breaths, sounds from the chest cavity are amplified via diaphragm and bell. Any abnormal sounds like fluid retention and constriction of airways are easily detected by trained medical practitioners.
Introduction to Stethoscope
A stethoscope is a medical device used for auscultation or listening to the patient’s body’s internal sounds. It comprises of one or two tubes connected to two earpieces and a small disc-shaped resonator that sits against the skin. The heart, lungs, and intestines can all be heard with a stethoscope.
Parts of a stethoscope:
- Chestpiece – a core component of the stethoscope is called a chestpiece. It is pressed against the patient’s body for further diagnosis.
- Diaphragm – It is a chestpiece’s rounded and circular end. It allows you to listen to a large portion of the patient’s body even in high-frequency noises.
- Bell – It is a chestpiece’s oblong end. It is ideal for little parts while being smaller than a diaphragm to detect lower frequency sounds.
- Tubing – A flexible PVC tubing joins the chestpiece to the headset. It efficiently transmits sound waves captured by a diaphragm and bell to the headset.
- Headset – It is located on the top portion of a stethoscope. It is made of ear tips, tension springs, and two ear tubes. It ensures sound enters the ear canal, causing the least disruption possible.
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